Diseases of the endocrine system in children in Ukraine and specialized care to pediatric patients in 2021

The article provides information on the specialized medical care to children of various ages with endocrine pathology in Ukraine in the year 2021 and presents analysis of its dynamics over the past 8—10 years, based on the data of the official statistics of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine and Ukrainian databases of children with the rare (orphan) endocrine diseases. Information is provided on the provision of pediatric endocrinologists in various regions of Ukraine, the state of inpatient care by region, the indicators of neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and the incidence of endocrine pathology in children under 1 year of age.The article contains data on the dynamics of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children, its various types, malignant diseases of the endocrine glands, in particular thyroid cancer, a database of children with disorders of sexual differentiation (DSD), etc.It is noted that according to the register of children with DM in 2021, 11 193 patients under the age of 18 (15.0 per 10,000 child population) were registered, including 11 014 (14,74) children receiving insulin therapy (with DM type 1, other types of DM with the need for insulin treatment), 51 with DM type 2, 69 children with neonatal DM, of which the diagnosis was genetically confirmed in 40, and MODY was genetically confirmed in 59 children. The prevalence of DM among children aged 0—18 in 2021 increased by 46.2 % compared to 2012. The fastest growing prevalence and incidence of diabetes was among children under 6 years of age.Children with DSD undergo a detailed cytogenetic examination in the world’s leading genetic laboratories by specialists of the Department of Pediatric Endocrinology of the Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Center of Endocrine Surgery, Transplantation of Endocrine Organs and Tissues of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The database included 682 DSD patients, in particular with chromosomal DSD — 357 (52.3%, in particular 303 patients with Turner syndrome); 46, XY DSD — 119 patients (17.5%); 46,XX — 206 patients (30.2%) (of which 185 patients with DSD due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia).