Монголия XXI в.: структура и факторы устойчивого сохранения номадизма

The article analyzes the factors in the consistent preservation of nomadism in Mongolia in the XXI century based on the field and literature sources. The historiographic review shows that the study of Mongolian nomadism of the last decades is becoming more significant in Russia. In relation to this, the author’s approach to the analysis of the nomadism is of great interest. This approach is not only of scientific but also of practical value. The modern Mongolian nomadism generally maintains the traditional structure. It is contributed by the harmony of integrated existence of seven factors: natural-climate, demographic, economic, zoological, technological, environmental and spiritual. Their existence demonstrates the preservation of the complex model of the classical nomadism retaining the basic structure and features. Nomadism in Mongolia is preserved also because the rapid progress to full sedentarisation is not possible due to some economic reasons. In the modern conditions this can lead to the complicated political and economic consequences. The Mongolian steppe is the main condition for the existence of nomadism, it is in a quite favourable state from the ecological point of view despite the problems arising in relation to the development of the mining industry, the expansion of the agriculture, etc. Nomadism in Mongolia in XXI century is maintained due to the preservation of all the above mentioned natureclimate and socio-economical factors.