美国近代中世纪历史叙事的建构:维斯特洛七国社会政治史的“发明”

M. Kyrchanoff
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摘要

目的。本文的目的是解构在七国封建世界的社会、政治和经济特征背景下构建的“历史”叙事,这些叙事是美国作家乔治·马丁(George Martin)在他的小说中虚构的,构成了“冰与火之歌”的循环。这篇文章的新颖之处在于研究了想象中的中世纪七国世界的社会经济史特征。方法。在方法论上,本文基于跨学科史学的原则,这些原则是在思想史和文化史中提出的,也是在将中世纪作为现代消费社会中关于中世纪的大众思想的综合形式进行研究时提出的。结果。人们认为乔治·马丁提出了中世纪社会发展的模式。马丁所描述的政治关系和制度与中世纪西方出现和发展的那些社会组织形式有相似之处。因此,在社会历史的语境中,乔治·马丁所描述的社会可以被定义为封建社会。通过批判性地分析乔治·马丁的文本来源,并解构构成文本的叙事,作者认为在七国,封建革命的过程导致了一种从属和宗主权关系体系的形成。乔治·马丁的文本是皇室制度历史的来源,既描述了地区王朝的历史,也描述了他们的从属关系和融入伊耿一世征服维斯特洛后建立的国家的特征。文章认为:1)乔治·马丁构建了一个平行的中世纪和封建社会政治史的版本;2)乔治·马丁提出了一个中世纪的形象,在中世纪欧洲历史中遗传上升;3)所分析的文本可以被认为是七国社会、经济和政治史的一个来源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
(DE)CONSTRUCTION OF THE HISTORICAL NARRATION OF MODERN AMERICAN MEDIEVALISM: THE “INVENTION” OF THE SOCIAL AND POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE SEVEN KINGDOMS OF WESTEROS
Purpose. The purpose of the article is to deconstruct the constructed “historical” narrative in contexts of the social, political and economic features of the feudalism of the world of the Seven Kingdoms, imagined in the imitated narration of the American writer George Martin, presented in his novels that make up the “A Song of Ice and Fire” cycle. The novelty of the article lies in the study of the features of the social and economic history of the imagining medieval world of the Seven Kingdoms. Methodology. Methodologically, the article is based on the principles of interdisciplinary historiography proposed in intellectual and cultural histories, as well as in the study of medievalism as a synthetic form of mass ideas about the Middle Ages in modern consumer society. Results. It is assumed that George Martin proposed a model for the development of medieval society. The political relations and institutions described by G. Martin have parallels with those social forms of organization that arose and developed in the Medieval West. Therefore, in contexts of social history, the society described by George Martin can be defined as feudal. Critically analyzing George Martin’s texts as sources and deconstructing the narratives that form them, the author presumes that in the Seven Kingdoms the processes of feudal revolution led to the formation of a system of relations of vassalage and suzerainty. George Martin’s texts are a source on the history of the institutions of royalty, describing both the history of regional dynasties and the features of their subordination and integration into the state established as a result of the conquest of Westeros by Aegon I. Conclusions. The article shows that 1) George Martin became constructor of a parallel version of the social and political histories of the Middle Ages and feudalism, 2) George Martin proposed an image of the Middle Ages, genetically ascending in the history of Medieval Europe, 3) the analyzed texts can be identified as a source on the social, economic and political history of the Seven Kingdoms.
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