“野兽电脑”的传说:历史、迁移和文化背景

A. Panchenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在2000年代,俄罗斯东正教信徒经历了一场与新信息技术的传播和国家个人身份识别系统的兴起有关的道德恐慌。造成恐慌的其他因素之一是关于“布鲁塞尔野兽电脑”的传说。这篇文章讨论了它最初的历史,这个传说的俄语翻译,以及促进它在全球流行的文化和思想背景。这篇文章补充了作者以前就此主题发表的文章。学者们一直在争论这个传说的起源和直接背景。然而,直到最近,尤金·克莱才发现,这个故事是由美国福音派传教士大卫·威尔克森(David Wilkerson, 1931-2011)在1973年发明并公布的。到20世纪70年代末,这个传说在美国福音派基督徒中非常流行。在20世纪80年代,它被翻译成几种语言,并在不同的忏悔和世俗背景下传播到全球。1981年,南阿拉巴马大学教授帕维尔·沃林(1918-2007)出版了该书的首批俄语译本之一。另一个关于这个传奇的俄文汇编可能是1980年代初在萨克拉门托由俄罗斯浸信会报纸《我们的日子》的编辑维拉·泰森创作的。这篇文章在美国和国外的浸信会和俄罗斯旧信徒中都很受欢迎。其他一些关于野兽计算机的俄罗斯出版物在1990年代早期出现在俄罗斯。俄罗斯版本的传说最初的传播与它在相对较小的边缘人群中的流行有关,这些人群的末世论和阴谋幻想是从反全球主义和社会逃避主义的思想中发展出来的。然而,在后苏联的宗教文化中,野兽电脑的故事很快就广为人知,广受欢迎。其极端受欢迎的原因可能是“机构恐慌”,尤其是在后苏联帝国支离破碎的地形上出现的社会的特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
THE LEGEND OF THE “BEAST COMPUTER”: HISTORY, MIGRATION, AND CULTURAL CONTEXTS
In the 2000s, Russian Orthodox believers underwent a moral panic related to the spread of new informational technologies and the rise of state individual identification systems. Among other factors contributing to the panic was the legend about “the Beast Computer in Brussels”. This article deals with its initial history, translations of the legend into Russian, as well as the cultural and ideological contexts that promoted its global popularity. The article supplements previous publications on this topic by the author. The genesis and the immediate context of the legend have been debated by scholars. Only recently, however, Eugene Clay discovered that the story was invented and publicized by the American evangelical preacher David Wilkerson (1931–2011) in 1973. By the end of the 1970s, the legend had become immensely popular amongst evangelical Christians in the US. In the 1980s, it was translated into several languages and spread globally in different confessional and secular contexts. One of its first translations into Russian was published in 1981 by Pavel Vaulin (1918-2007), a professor at the University of South Alabama. Another Russian compilation of the legend was probably composed in the early 1980s in Sacramento by Vera Tyson, an editor at the Russian Baptist newspaper Nashi Dni (“Our Days”). This text was popular with both the Baptists and the Russian Old Believers in the US and abroad. Some other Russian publications about the Beast Computer appeared in Russia in the early 1990s. The initial dissemination of the Russian versions of the legend was related to its popularity among relatively small and marginal émigré groups whose eschatology and conspiratorial fantasies developed from the ideas of anti-globalism and social escapism. In the post-Soviet religious culture, however, the story about the Beast Computer soon became widely known and popular. The reason for its extreme popularity was probably “agency panic”, especially characteristic of the societies that appeared on the fragmented terrain of the post-Soviet empire.
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