COViD-19大流行背景下世界和欧洲最大机场等级结构的变形

S. Tarkhov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在2019冠状病毒病大流行期间,几乎所有机场的旅客周转率都从30%急剧下降到90%,其中大部分是国际旅客占主导地位的机场,而国内旅客占主导地位的机场则较少。分析了受新冠肺炎疫情影响,世界60个最大机场和欧洲60个最大机场的等级变化情况。已经开发了一种特殊的技术来评估这种层次结构的稳定性和可变性。比较了新冠肺炎前期和第一阶段机场层次变异性的三个指标值。全球航空系统的内部不稳定性从82%上升到98%,欧洲从62%上升到93%。全球机场排名不稳定的程度增加了8.8倍,欧洲增加了4.5倍。在新冠疫情前,世界和欧洲航空运输体系的等级结构相对稳定。在大流行中,它变得畸形和非常不稳定。它的主要变形者是那些比世界其他地区更早取消飞行限制的国家的机场,以及新开放的机场。从经验上看,机场系统的层次结构中有5种类型的可变性:一个非常不稳定的层次结构。机场系统的地域规模越大,其层级结构就越多变,越不稳定。就领土面积而言,非常大的系统比大型或中型系统更容易受到外部影响(流行病),这表现在其等级结构的可变性程度上。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Deformation of the largest airports hierarchy in the world and Europe in the COViD-19 pandemic context
The passenger turnover of almost all airports fell sharply from 30% to 90% in COVID-19 pandemic - most of all in those where the share of international passengers dominated, less - where domestic traffic prevailed. Changes in the rank of the hierarchy of the 60 largest airports in the world and 60 airports in Europe, caused by the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, are analyzed. A special technique has been developed for assessing the stability and variability of such a hierarchy. The values of three indicators of variability of the hierarchy of airports are compared in the pre-covid and in the first phase of the covid period. The level of internal instability in the global aviation system increased from 82 to 98%, in Europe – from 62 to 93%. The degree of rank lability of airports in the world has increased 8.8 times, in Europe – 4.5 times. The hierarchy of world and European air transport systems turned out to be relatively stable in the pre-covid era. In a pandemic, it has become deformed and very unstable. Its main deformers were airports in those countries where flight restrictions were lifted much earlier than in the rest of the world, as well as the new ones opened. Empirically, 5 types of variability in the hierarchy of airport systems have been identified: a very unstable hierarchy. The larger the territorial size of the airport system, the more changeable and unstable its hierarchical structure. Systems that are very large in terms of territorial size are more vulnerable to external influences (pandemics) than large or medium-sized ones, which is manifested in the degree of variability of their hierarchical structures.
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