Medical Diagnostics of Quantum Dot-Based Protein Micro- and Nanoarrays

The sections in this article are Introduction Invention of Protein Microarrays Optical Readout of Protein Arrays: Traditional versus New Labels Protein Arrays The Various Types of Protein Array Methods of Optical Detection in Protein Arrays Using Labeled Probes From Microarrays to Nanoarrays: Why Nanoarrays? Functionalization of QDs for Attachment to Proteins or Other Biomolecules Fabrication of Protein Biochips Printing of QDs-Conjugated Protein Microarray Biochips Nanoarray Protein Chips Using QDs QDs Probes in Clinical Applications Detection of Disease (Cancer) Biomarkers Using QD Labels Certain Limitations in QDs Labeled Microarrays: Nonspecific Binding Effects QDs versus Organic Dyes in Protein Microarrays Multiplexing in Protein Microarrays Using QDs QDs-Labeled Protein Nanoarrays Summary and Future Perspectives Acknowledgments Keywords: quantum dots; protein microarrays; nanoarrays; biochips; biomarkers; organic dyes