Microbiocenosis of pharyngeal and palatine tonsils in chronic inflammatory pathology of pharynx in children

Chronic tonsillitis and adenoiditis in children is one of the unsolved problems in otorhinolaryngology. There are no specific pathogens of chronic adenotonsillitis, but there are still disputes about the viral, bacterial and fungal etiology of this disease. Chronic tonsillitis is a persistent chronic inflammation of the palatine tonsils, characterized in the vast majority of patients by recurrent exacerbations in the form of sore throats and a general toxic-allergic reaction, which is a frequently realized etiological factor of many local and general diseases and a catalyst for pathological processes in the body. Adenoid vegetations are pathological hypertrophy of the pharyngeal tonsil. Chronic adenoiditis is a chronic polyethological disease, which is based on a violation of the physiological immune processes of the pharyngeal tonsil. In children, it is impossible to talk about isolated inflammation of the pharyngeal tonsil, since as a result of exposure to antigens, an immune response occurs that involves all structures of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring in the process, therefore some researchers use the term “adenotonsillitis”. With a pronounced violation of the microflora in the nasopharynx and oropharynx, the body's resistance to pathogenic microorganisms decreases, as a result, decay products and toxins lead to damage to the vascular endothelium, disrupt their permeability and, penetrating through the epithelial barrier, contribute to the development of chronic intoxication and sensitization of the body.