4. 意向性

B. Montero
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摘要

"意向性"问的是:心灵的独特之处是什么?一些哲学家认为,精神的标志是意向性:即精神表现世界上事物的能力。信仰、感知、欲望和希望是有意识的,因为它们是关于世界上的事物的,或者在某种意义上指向世界上的事物。不同的意向状态被认为有不同的“契合方向”。意向性有四个相互关联的令人困惑的特征。此外,意向性有三种理论(图像论、因果论和目的论)。意向性会给物理主义带来问题吗?
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
4. Intentionality
‘Intentionality’ asks: what is distinctive about the mind? Some philosophers have argued that the mark of the mental is intentionality: the mind’s ability to represent things in the world. Beliefs, perceptions, desires, and hopes are intentional since they are about, or in some sense point to, things in the world. Different intentional states are thought to have distinct ‘directions of fit’. There are four interrelated puzzling features of intentionality. In addition, there are three theories of intentionality (the pictorial, causal, and teleological). Does intentionality pose a problem for physicalism?
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