Pedagogies and Challenges in English Language Learning in Undergraduate Programs in Pakistan: A Review

English has become a universal language for education, commerce, and research. In Pakistan, universities educate in English. This study examines prior research on developing learner self-direction and success in second language learning to help students confront academic and professional challenges. This research will look at the present condition of English language education in Pakistan, the challenges instructors and students experience in the EFL setting, and recommendations for policymakers and teachers to increase communicative competency and learner autonomy in Pakistan's higher education system. Undergraduates in colleges and universities employ a variety of learning methods to improve their communication abilities. University students are responsible and mature. Teachers' instructional techniques and linguistic skills may make pupils competent and responsible for learning. Learner autonomy promotes responsibility, planning, reflection, and strength- weakness identification. Proficiency in a second language promotes learning, independence and decision-making abilities. By offering social and physical space for language learning, students may progress well in EFL.