High-resolution ultrasonic monitoring of cellular differentiation in an ex vivo produced oral mucosal equivalent (EVPOME)

Background, Motivation and Objective This study examines the use of high-resolution ultrasound to monitor an ex vivo produced oral mucosal equivalent (EVPOME) as it develops from oral keratinocytes being seeded on a dermal cadaveric scaffold, with surface variations, into a stratified uniform cellular layer. Ultrasonic profilometry should be able to detect filling and smoothing of surface irregularities as seeded cells proliferate. As these tissue-engineered structures develop, seeded cells stratify due to their differentiation in which they produce a keratinized protective upper layer. These cells change in shape and composition, lose water content, and accumulate proteins (keratins) - transformations which could alter ultrasonic backscatter. If non-invasive ultrasonic monitoring could be developed then tissue cultivation could be adjusted in-process to account for variations in the development and manufacture of the stratified cellular layer.