The role of macroelements in the development and progression of a new coronavirus infection (literature review)

The article provides a brief overview of the data on the effect of changes in the content of the main macronutrients (sodium, calcium, potassium and magnesium) on the incidence and course of COVID-19. The features of imbalance of mineral substances in patients with new coronavirus infection were analyzed, the role of electrolyte disturbances in increasing the incidence of complications and increasing mortality among patients with COVID-19 was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms of macronutrient imbalance arising from infection with SARS-CoV-2 are described. The search for publications on changes in the content of magnesium, potassium, calcium and sodium in patients with COVID-19, as well as their impact on the development and progression of the disease, was carried out using the Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RSCI databases. In addition, publications from journals peer-reviewed by the Higher Attestation Commission, as well as international and regional journals were analyzed.