基于可防御空间概念的不同空间格局住区评价

Halid Coşkun, M. Paköz
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摘要

随着科技的发展,城市在空间形态上存在着一些差异。虽然有些社区以有机和自发的城市肌理发展,但有些社区可能具有网格或放射状形式。本研究旨在探讨犯罪率与住区社会空间形态之间的关系。在这种情况下,毗邻的ak emsettin和Hırka-i Şerif社区被选为研究区域,这两个社区位于土耳其伊斯坦布尔的法提赫区,在空间纹理上有所不同。前者有一个网格形式,是在一场大火摧毁了传统的有机城市形态后规划的。后者仍然以其传统的有机城市形态存在,街道死胡同。研究领域通过Oscar Newman的“可防御空间”概念和Bill Hillier & Julienne Hanson开发的“空间句法方法”进行考察。运用空间句法的方法,从轴向性、可理解性、连通性和整体性等方面分析了网格和有机形态的街道网络。城市快速拥挤导致的犯罪率上升和安全问题影响了地方和中央政府的政策、规划和设计决策。这项研究为在我们的城市中创造更安全的空间,并确保城市的所有公共场所,如街道和停车场,为用户提供安全的环境提供了重要的基础。在研究结束时,预计将确定关于城市结构如何影响犯罪率和安全感以及根据城市规划标准应考虑哪些因素的重要结果。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Evaluation of Residential Areas with Different Spatial Patterns through Defensible Space Concept 
There are some differences in terms of spatial form in our cities that constantly change and grow with the developing technology. While some neighbourhoods develop with an organic and spontaneous urban texture, some neighbourhoods may have a grid or radial form. This study aims to examine the relationship between the crime rates and socio-spatial formation of the settlements. In this context, the adjacent Akşemsettin and Hırka-i Şerif Neighbourhoods, which are located in the Fatih District of Istanbul, Turkey and differ in spatial textures, have been selected as the study area. The former one has a grid form that was planned after a big fire that destroyed the traditional organic urban form. The latter one still exists with its traditional organic urban form with dead-end streets. The study area is examined through Oscar Newman's concept of "Defensible Space" and "Space Syntax method" developed by Bill Hillier & Julienne Hanson. The street networks of the grid and organic forms are analysed by the Space Syntax method in terms of axiality, intelligibility, connectivity and integration. Increasing crime rates and safety concerns as a result of rapid crowding of cities affect local and central governments' policy, planning and design decisions. This research forms an important basis for these decisions to create safer spaces in our cities and ensure that all public places of the city, such as streets and parking areas, provide a safe environment to the users. At the end of the study, it is expected that important results will be determined on how urban texture affects crime rates and sense of safety and what kind of factors should be taken into consideration in line with the city planning criteria.
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