Formal Verification of a Fully Automated Out-of-Plane Cell Injection System

Cell injection is a procedure in cell biology where a small volume of substance is injected into a specific location inside the cell. The overall success of the procedure in a fully automated cell injection systems mainly relies on the accurate path planning of the micro injector and the amount of forces applied to the cell at the time of injection. Traditionally, fully automated systems are analyzed using simulation, which is inherently non-exhaustive and incomplete in terms of finding potential system failures that might arise during operations. In this paper, we present a probabilistic model to analyze the functional correctness and performance of a fully automated out-of-plane cell injection system using the PRISM model checker. We use our model to verify an existing fully automated cell injection system and certain discrepancies are identified.