莫吉廖夫地区空气中的污染物排放

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摘要

本文的目的是强调和分析莫吉廖夫地区大气中污染物质的总排放趋势。主要材料。本文简要介绍了白俄罗斯科学家在大气地质生态条件领域的研究概况。本文讨论了莫吉廖夫地区空气中各种来源的污染物积累情况。移动源(2015年为64.1%)是该地区空气污染的主要原因。2015年与2010年相比,由于运输功能的原因,污染物排放量有所减少。在空气中积累污染物的来源是内燃机的废气、曲轴箱气体和燃料系统的燃料蒸发。汽车在汽车结构中占主导地位(2015年占85.3%)。本文考虑了固定污染源污染物排放的动力学问题。大多数污染物是由于工艺过程而在空气中发现的。碳氢化合物和二氧化硫在这些排放源的排放结构中占主导地位。化工企业(莫吉廖夫化纤、莫吉廖夫人造纤维厂等)是大气污染源。在莫吉廖夫地区污染物结构中,4级和3级危险物质占主导地位。第一类和第二类危险物质不显著。通过研究,确定了莫吉廖夫地区空气中主要污染物排放密度的不均匀地域分布。科斯杜科维奇和克里切夫斯克地区的特点是空气中固定来源的悬浮物质、一氧化碳和二氧化硫的排放密度很高。切里科夫区的特点是单位面积一氧化碳、二氧化硫、氮氧化物排放量低。莫吉廖夫州71.4%的行政区的特点是固定源一氧化碳排放的平均密度水平相对于平均区域水平,14.3%的行政区为低水平,4.8%为低水平,9.5%为高水平。建议改进生产工艺,为企业配备新的气体净化设施,以减少人为对环境的负荷。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Pollutant emission in the air of Mogilev region
The purpose of this article is to highlight and analysis of trends in total emissions of polluting substances in atmospheric air of Mogilev region. The main material. A brief overview of Belarusian scientistsʹ research in the fi eld of geoecological conditions of atmospheric air is given in the article. The article deals with pollutants accumulation in the air of Mogilev region from various sources. Mobile sources (64.1% in 2015) are mainly responsible for air pollution in the region. In 2015 in comparison with 2010 there was a decrease in pollutant emissions as a result of transport functioning. Sources of pollutants accumulating in the air are exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, crankcase gases and fuel evaporation from fuel systems. Automobiles dominate in the structure of vehicles (85.3% in 2015). The article considers dynamics of pollutant emissions from stationary sources. The majority of pollutants are found in the air because of technological processes. Hydrocarbons and sulfur dioxide prevail in the structure of emissions of these sources. Chemical industry enterprises (Mogilev chemical fiber, Mogilev artificial fiber plant, etc.) are the sources of air pollution. Substances of the 4th and 3d danger classes predominate in the structure of pollutants in Mogilev region. Substances of the 1st and 2nd danger classes are insignificant. Conclusions. As a result of the conducted research uneven territorial distribution of emission density of the main pollutants in the air of Mogilev region has been established. Kostiukovich and Krichevsk districts are characterized by high level of emission density of suspended substances, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide in the air from stationary sources. Cherikov district is characterized by a low level of carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions per unit area. 71.4% of the administrative districts of Mogilev region are characterized by an average density level of carbon monoxide emissions from stationary sources in relation to the average regional level, 14.3% of districts by lower level, 4.8% by low level and 9.5% by high level. It is advisable to improve the production technology, to equip enterprises with new gas cleaning facilities in order to reduce the anthropogenic load on the environment.
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