Changing the forms of participation of a citizen in the development of cities with the implementation of the concept of Smart City

In the scientific community, the discussion of the impact of the concept of smart cities (Smart City) on the system of relations between city authorities and the population has two extreme positions. One views smart citizens in terms of the object of management or the impact of urban policy, while others are aware of the impact of neoliberal approaches and the consequences of the introduction of technologies that reduce the distance between the city and the city dweller in the management system. This article examines the evolution of changes in the concept of "citizen" in the context of the implementation of the concept of Smart City. It is proposed to consider the differences between several forms of possible participation of the "citizen" in the life and management of the city's development. The universal nature of the ongoing changes in relations at the level of the city-city dweller in the implementation of socially oriented Smart City projects is emphasized. Based on the example of Kazakhstani cities, the authors considered the formation of a new social phenomenon, the "composite citizen", which means a new quality of citizens' participation in the formation and management of urban development policies.