生殖技术的生物伦理问题

Irina V. Muravieva, Nataliya Yu. Eliseeva
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引用次数: 0

摘要

现代世界的人口状况是有问题的:出生率正在下降,原发性和继发性不孕症的比率正在逐步增加。辅助生殖技术是解决不孕不育问题的方法。从生物伦理学的角度来看,存在许多有争议的问题:确定胚胎的个人状态,参与程序的风险和收益的比例,冷冻保存的可能性,“多余胚胎”的破坏等。我们研究的目的是研究人们对评估使用辅助生殖技术的生物伦理方面的重要性的态度。在研究期间,在谷歌平台上进行了一项匿名调查。该研究涉及104名不同年龄的男女受访者(83名女性,21名男性),其中大多数(59.6%)在15-20岁之间。调查问题的目的是确定参与者对不孕症和辅助生殖技术问题、它们所影响的生物伦理问题的认识程度,以及对使用这些方法的主观态度。大多数受访者对辅助生殖技术的目标及其产生的生物伦理问题有一个想法。调查参与者指出,医生和病人之间的沟通很重要,因为这是能够提高辅助生殖技术协议效力的因素之一:同情和道义支持应被视为医生和患有不孕症的病人之间沟通的基本准则。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Bioethical issues of reproductive technologies
The demographic situation in the modern world is problematic: the birth rate is declining, the rates of primary and secondary infertility are progressively increasing. Assisted reproductive technologies are methods to solve the problem of infertility. From the point of view of bioethics, there are a number of controversial issues: determining the personal status of the embryo, the ratio of risks and benefits for participants in the procedures, the possibility of cryopreservation, the destruction of “extra embryos”, etc. The purpose of our research was to study the attitude of the population to assessing the importance of bioethical aspects of the use of assisted reproductive technologies. During the study, an anonymous survey was conducted on the Google platform. The study involved 104 respondents of both sexes (83 women, 21 men) of various ages, mostly (59.6 %) in the category of 15–20 years. The survey questions were aimed at determining the degree of awareness of the participants about the problem of infertility and assisted reproductive technologies, the bioethical issues that they affect, as well as the subjective attitude to the use of these methods. Most of the respondents had an idea about the goals of assisted reproductive technologies and the bioethical problems that they generate. The survey participants noted the importance of communication between a doctor and a patient as one of the factors that makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of assisted reproductive technologies protocols: sympathy and moral support should be considered the basic norms of communication between a doctor and a patient with an infertility issue.
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