Challenges of Blockchain in Higher Education Institutions for Protection Against Diploma Forgery

Blockchain technology, thanks to its characteristics which are being seen as indispensable in many fields, is also trying to find application in the field of education, especially in higher education institutions to prevent different types of misuse of data and falsification of diplomas. Although there are attempts for a wider application in all areas of higher education institutions, blockchain is encountering various difficulties, where we will try to describe some of them through this paper and clarify where are the problems based on the various researches that have been done in this direction. One thing is evident that the falsification of documents, especially diplomas in particular, is a phenomenon that even today exists, and methods must be taken to prevent such a phenomenon which is harmful to society. Part of the paper will also present some general models of how blockchain can be applied in higher education institutions and the same can be expanded with other institutions of the similar nature, forming a common chain for the protection against the possible falsification of diplomas. The paper describes the challenges that blockchain faces when applying to higher education institutions, and proposes a model for the protection against diploma forgery, theoretically offering a diploma management software based on blockchain. The practical implementation of blockchain in higher education institutions is encountering many difficulties, despite efforts, due to the immutability of data and the possibility of updating them.