A Holistic Review on Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine the AntiParasitic Therapeutics

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have driven attention as potential anti-parasitic therapeutics with extended influences against other various medical conditions. Recently, these drugs were presented against the pandemic of COVID-19. In addition, there is a growing data concerning the resistance to the traditional anti-parasitic regimens. Here, we introduce a general descriptive review to demonstrate (1) a rapid historical view for these drugs, (2) their pharmacokinetics, (3) mode of action and how this affected malaria and whether it can applied in other parasitic diseases or not, and (4) their medical manipulations in other medical conditions involving COVID-19 in the top of the list. The review also tried to introduce their limitations of usage in accordance to previous in vitro and clinical settings. We call for further development in their formula for less toxic and more effective pharmaceutical versions.