The Closeness and Disagreements of the Ideological Foundations of F.M. Dostoevsky and European Existentialism

The work of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky was formed under the influence of social moods of the 19th century, however, the phenomenon of existential consciousness, which is inherent in his literary works, allows readers of the 21st century to find answers to pressing social questions. Existentialism in the works of F.M. Dostoevsky is a way of interpreting a crisis perception of the world, when the characteristics of value orientations and culture, the rapidity of globalization processes of that time determined the trajectory of the development of civilization, in which the key role is assigned to the individual as an independent unit of society that has the ability to shape his own destiny. The images of the literary heroes of Fyodor Mikhailovich, the universality of the questions posed in the works, provide value-semantic supports, allowing in the new realities to form self-identification and self-determination of a person. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of existentialism as a philosophical concept and its correlation with the social moods of Europe and Russia in the 19th century and the works of Fyodor Mikhailovich.