The impact of political and legal factors on promoting peaceful coexistence and building peace: Iraq as a model after defeat ISIS in 2017

 Societies that are characterized by ethnic، ethnic and religious pluralism، such as Iraq، are considered the societies most in need to achieve the principles of peaceful coexistence and peace building after the defeat of the so-called terrorist organization ISIS in 2017، because of the advantages and positives that it achieves which have a good effect on the the whole society، and to achieve the peaceful coexistence and peace-building in Iraq it needs among what it needs، to realize the effects of a number of factors affecting the promotion of peaceful coexistence and peace-building، foremost of which are the political and legal factors، including، for example، strengthening good governance in state institutions، rejecting sectarian quotas، combating terrorism and building trust among the components of the Iraqi people، and the success of the national reconciliation project، and spreading a culture that is void of discrimination and shows respect for the law and solving some constitutional problems related to the issue of federalism ، so this study's objective lies in investigating and verifying the hypothesis that says that there is a close relationship between peaceful coexistence and peace-building and many political and legal factors in Iraqi society، so this study will attempt to answer a number of questions include: What is the impact of political factors on peaceful coexistence and peace-building in Iraq? How have the legal factors affected peaceful coexistence and peace-building in Iraq? Is it possible to reduce these political and legal factors and provide possible solutions that contribute to promoting peaceful coexistence and peace-building in Iraq? This research used several approaches in order to address and become familiar with all aspects related to the subject، such as the historical and comparative methods altogether، in addition to the analytical method. The research concluded that strengthening political and legal factors in Iraqi society may positively affect peaceful coexistence and peace-building، which may contribute in the future to strengthening national cohesion and stability of Iraqi society. The research also recommended adopting the good governance concept within the institutions of the Iraqi state via the management of public affairs in a specific manner characterized by rationality، equality، rule of law، integrity، transparency، and response to citizens' demands as well as the promotion of national reconciliation، and the need for a dialogue among all sects and nationalities based on common interests، and adopting the rule of law in resolving internal disputes، which is considered as the most significant gauge of civil peace stability in the country.