叶文·米列良在乌克兰和亚美尼亚创造的心理设备

S. Boltivets, V. Karapetyan, I. Kobylyanska
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文揭示了米列尔扬(1913-1983)多方面心理学研究的内容和意义,他是测量、训练、认知、实验、控制心理设备的创造者,对飞行员、操作员、司机进行心理选择的众多方法,使用这些方法可以防止事故的发生。造成人员参与管理的技术系统具有不同程度的复杂性。乌克兰和亚美尼亚科学家的生活的主要里程碑,谁遭受了第二次世界大战的审判,创造性的自我实现和压制时期的可变性,在乌克兰和亚美尼亚的工作被提出。特别是在苏联教育部心理学研究所建立了制造心理装置的实验车间,并制造了第一个“展示心理光学感觉和感知的装置”,可以展示混合颜色的模式,对比边缘对比和饱和现象,后来-一个电子束装置,用于观察电位空间分布的动态图像,在此基础上建立了在存在或不存在注意力的情况下,在各种声音刺激的影响下,大脑皮层活动的变化。电休克的攻击。书中提供了有关20世纪70年代初乌克兰境内所有乌克兰人受到迫害的E.O.米列尔扬受到骚扰和镇压的记录证词和目击者的回忆。介绍了这位科学家在亚美尼亚的工作时期,其中包括继续进行研究儿童注意力的心理生理学实验,阐明在各种因素影响下人脑电活动的功能变化,证实一般工艺技能形成的心理学理论。职业教育。这位科学家发明了仪器和心理学方法来诊断一个人的个人心理生理特征,发明了诊断装置和模拟器来研究操作员、飞行员和司机的职业适应性。提出了工程心理检查的概念,以评估系统“人机”、心理装置的质量和可靠性;高级神经活动研究装置、注意力计、脑电图计、情绪协调计、测量对复杂信号反应速度的KM-3装置、感知器、意志努力的体积研究、思维宫腔镜、复杂装置、研究车辆驾驶员职业适宜性的装置、教育和问题电气工程模拟器。值得注意的是,E.O.Mileryan对心理科学发展的独特贡献是将测量的科学准确性与创造性地解决二十世纪军事和战后几代人面临的各种心理问题相结合的硬件心理学方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The creation of the psychological equipment in Ukraine and Armenia by Yevhen Mileryan
The article reveals the content and significance of multifaceted psychological research of Yevhen Oleksandrovych Mileryan (1913-1983) – the creator of measuring, training, cognitive, experimental, control psychological equipment, numerous methods of psychological selection of pilots, operators, drivers, the use of which allowed to prevent accidents. caused by people involved in the management of technical systems of different levels of complexity. The main milestones of the life of the Ukrainian and Armenian scientist, who suffered the trials of the Second World War, the variability of periods of creative self-realization and repression, work in Ukraine and Armenia are presented. This, in particular, the establishment of experimental workshops for the manufacture of psychological devices at the Research Research Institute of Psychology of the Ministry of Education of the USSR and the creation of the first “Device for demonstrating optical sensations and perception of psychology”, which allowed to demonstrate patterns of color mixing, contrast the phenomenon of marginal contrast and saturation, later – an electron-beam device for observing the dynamic picture of the spatial distribution of electric potentials, on the basis of which changes in the activity of the cerebral cortex under the influence of various sound stimuli in the presence or absence of attention were established. electroconvulsive attack. Documentary testimonies and recollections of eyewitnesses about harassment and repressions against E.O. Mileryan, connected with the persecution of all Ukrainians in Ukraine in the early 70s of the XX century, are given. The period of the scientist’s work in Armenia is revealed, which includes continuation of psychophysiological experiments on studying attention in children, elucidation of functional changes of electrical activity of human brain under the influence of various factors, substantiation of psychological theory of general polytechnic skills formation. vocational education. The scientist created instrumental and psychological methods for diagnosing individual psychophysiological features of a person, diagnostic installations and simulators to study the professional suitability of operators, pilots, drivers. Developed the concept of engineering and psychological examination to assess the quality and reliability of the system “man-machine”, psychological devices: apparatus for the study of higher nervous activity, attentiometer, electroencephalometer, emokoordininometer, device KM-3 to measure the speed of response to complex signals, perceptometer, volute study of volitional efforts, thinking hysteroscope, complication apparatus, device for studying the professional suitability of drivers of vehicles, educational and problematic electrical engineering simulators. It is noted that the unique contribution of E.O.Mileryan to the development of psychological science is the hardware-psychological direction of combining scientific accuracy of measurements with creative solution of various psychological problems that posed to the military and postwar generations of the twentieth century.
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