加拿大城市道路收费展望

R. Lindsey
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引用次数: 18

摘要

多伦多407号高速公路于1997年通车,成为世界上第一条全电子无障碍收费公路,根据车辆类型、行驶距离、一天中的时间和一周中的哪一天收费。但自那以后,加拿大再没有修建类似的高速公路。在加拿大415,600公里的铺砌公共道路中,只有385公里是收费的。除407高速公路外,收费不随时间变化,也不存在以区域为基础的道路收费方案。此外,407号高速公路是私人拥有和经营的。因此,作为将拥堵或其他与交通有关的外部性内部化的工具的道路收费在加拿大并没有取得很大进展,在收费方面落后于美国和一些欧洲和亚洲国家。本文评估了加拿大城市道路收费的前景,重点关注道路收费在缓解拥堵方面的作用,而不是环境效益或创收,尽管创收也得到了一些关注。2 .由于加拿大没有任何地方实施拥堵收费,也没有任何城市制定详细的计划,因此可能性相对较大。文献中已经讨论了道路收费最佳实施路径的概念,但尚未建立一般和全面的规则,很明显,处方必须根据城市的具体情况和机会进行调整。毫不奇怪,城市道路收费的情况在加拿大三大城市最为明显:多伦多,
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Prospects for Urban Road Pricing in Canada
When it opened to traffic in 1997, Highway 407 in Toronto became the world's first all-electronic, barrier-free toll highway, charging tolls based on vehi- cle type, distance driven, time of day, and day of week. But no comparable highways have been established in Canada since then. Of the 415,600 lane- kilometers of paved public roads in Canada, only 385 kilometers are tolled. 1 Except on Highway 407, the tolls do not vary over time, and no area-based road- pricing scheme exists. Moreover, Highway 407 is privately owned and operated. Road pricing as a tool for internalizing congestion or other traffic-related exter- nalities has therefore not proceeded far in Canada, which lags behind the United States and a number of countries in Europe and Asia with respect to pricing. This paper assesses the prospects for urban road pricing in Canada, focus- ing on the role of road pricing for congestion relief rather than environmental benefits or revenue generation, although revenue generation is given some attention. 2 Because congestion pricing has not been implemented anywhere in Canada and detailed plans have not been developed for any city, the possibilities are relatively wide open. The concept of an optimal implementation path for road pricing has been discussed in the literature, but no general and comprehensive rules have yet been established and it is clear that prescriptions must be tailored to city- specific circumstances and opportunities. Not surprisingly, the case for urban road pricing appears to be strongest in Canada's three largest cities: Toronto,
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