Scale-aware Auto-context-guided Fetal US Segmentation with Structured Random Forests

Abstract Accurate measurement of fetal biometrics in ultrasound at different trimesters is essential in assisting clinicians to conduct pregnancy diagnosis. However, the accuracy of manual segmentation for measurement is highly user-dependent. Here, we design a general framework for automatically segmenting fetal anatomical structures in two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound (US) images and thus make objective biometric measurements available. We first introduce structured random forests (SRFs) as the core discriminative predictor to recognize the region of fetal anatomical structures with a primary classification map. The patch-wise joint labeling presented by SRFs has inherent advantages in identifying an ambiguous/fuzzy boundary and reconstructing incomplete anatomical boundary in US. Then, to get a more accurate and smooth classification map, a scale-aware auto-context model is injected to enhance the contour details of the classification map from various visual levels. Final segmentation can be obtained from the converged classification map with thresholding. Our framework is validated on two important biometric measurements, which are fetal head circumference (HC) and abdominal circumference (AC). The final results illustrate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of segmentation accuracy.