The optimal time and methods of artificial insemination of dogs

We collected, analyzed, and summarized information on the optimal timing and methods of artificial insemination of dogs at present. Scientific articles published in the bibliographic databases such as e-library, Scopus, and ResearchGate were used for this review. It has been established that artificial insemination has significant advantages over natural insemination, including reliable long-term storage of sperm in cryobanks, the possibility of exporting and importing genetic material without transporting animals, and obtaining offspring from elite male producers from anywhere in the world, even after their death. The time of artificial insemination and natural mating is determined by the date of ovulation using direct (ultrasound visualization of the ovaries) or indirect methods (picture of vaginal smears, multiple measurements of blood progesterone concentration, etc.). In dogs, the egg cell ovulates immature at the stage of the oocyte of the first order. For this reason, it is recommended to inseminate them on the 2nd… 5th days after ovulation, when egg maturation ends in the fallopian tube - the formation of a second-order oocyte. For dog insemination, freshly obtained, diluted chilled, and cryopreserved sperm are used. When using freshly obtained and diluted cooled sperm, the method of choice is an intra-vaginal method of sperm administration, and frozen-thawed sperm requires transcervical intrauterine insemination under video endoscopic control.