A wide-range VCO with optimum temperature adaptive tuning

This paper presents an integrated wide-range VCO with a modified tuning scheme to deal with VCO frequency drift over temperature. In this approach, during the coarse-tune operation, VCO tune voltage is a function of temperature such that it resembles the inverse function of VCO fine-tune characteristic. Without degrading VCO performance, the proposed temperature adaptive tuning optimizes the maximum tolerable VCO temperature frequency drift over which PLL remains locked. As a result, VCO gain can be reduced significantly, making VCO less sensitive to PLL tune voltage noise. Integrated in a multi-standard multi-band transceiver with a small VCO gain of 50MHz/V at 3.90GHz, PLL remains locked despite 45MHz frequency drift of VCO over [−30°C, 85°C]. Using an on-chip inductor, VCO covers from 3.15GHz to 4.60GHz, achieving −138.0dBc/Hz phase noise at 3.0MHz at 3.90GHz by drawing just 8.5mA from 1.60V supply in 0.13u CMOS process.