Determination of Most Effective Medium for E-Learning by Analyzing the Differences in Various Types of Media

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the demand for e-learning and video-on-demand services in education. Several methods of imparting education through on-demand videos exist based on the content and method of delivery. However, the most effective medium has not been identified conclusively. In this study, we explored the effectiveness of six different presentation patterns: the simple display of materials, materials-and-narration, use of animated avatars, use of realistic-humanoid avatars, and presentation in the metaverse (using standard computer monitors and head-mounted displays). Sixty subjects, ten males and ten females, from each of the young, middle-aged, and senior age groups participated in the experiment conducted in Dec. 2022. Each subject performed three different tasks, and subjective evaluations were conducted using questionnaires.