Acoustic Positioning Using Multielement Array

With these assumptions, problem of estimating the arrival angle of a plane wave at linear array is analogous to that encountered in spectral analysis. The well known applicable methods are maximum likelihood estimation [l], adaptive arrays [ 2 ] , maximum entropy estimation [3], and wavenumber spectral estimation [4]. This paper aims to give a straightforward real-time treatment of this estimation problem. A discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithm is employed. A chirp z-transform (CZT) algorithm and employment of two frequencies are suggested to improve the system resolution. The incident signals arriving from direction 0 are received by N (even) nondirectional, point sensors arranged along a straight line. If the acoustic pressure received by each sensor is simultaneously sampled at time t = t o and the samples are subjected to the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), we obtain the power-normalized beam pattern given by [5]