MPA-Tuned Fractional Order PID Controller for Frequency Control of Interconnected Smart Grid Power System

The paper aims at establishing a frequency control strategy with the coordination of fractional order PID (FOPID) controller and electric vehicles (EVs) in interconnected smart grid power systems to improve the dynamic response under the change in load conditions. The system under consideration is a two-area system, wherein in one area, a thermal power unit is present, and a PV plant is installed in the second area. FOPID controller is proposed to have the secondary frequency control in the interconnected system. It is compared with classical controllers PI and PID to prove the proposed FOPID controller's efficiency. The parameters of the controllers, employed to reduce the frequency deviation and improve the dynamic response, are tuned using a novel Marine Predator algorithm (MPA). MPA-based FOPID controller gives better results compared to the classical controller in enhancing the dynamic response of the considered systems. When EVs are incorporated into the system, the combination of controller and EVs eliminates oscillations, further improves the settling time of frequency and tie-line power fluctuations.