小麦抗旱育种生物技术研究中的胚胎数据

N. Kruglova, O. Seldimirova, A. Zinatullina
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引用次数: 0

摘要

干旱作为一种不利的气象条件组合,使植物在空气和土壤中长期缺水,是最常见的非生物胁迫因素之一,其影响导致包括谷物在内的重要经济植物的重大作物损失。利用体外胚胎培养技术,将特定发育阶段的胚胎作为外植体,对现有和新创建的谷物基因型对这种非生物胁迫因子的抗性进行生物技术评估的一个有前途的方向是。尤其有希望的是体外培养处于自主关键阶段的未成熟胚胎。这样的胚胎不依赖于母体个体的生理因素,能够在适当的体外条件下独立地产生成熟的再生体。同时,为了确定自主阶段,有必要对胚胎从受精卵发育到成熟结构的动力学过程进行复杂的细胞生理学研究。胚胎分析也是必要的,在实验室评估获得的再生物,离体,特别是在现场的体内条件下。本文以春软小麦为例,介绍了植物生理实验室UIB UFRC RAS研究人员在利用细胞生理学数据确定胚胎自主发育关键阶段方面的一些综合研究成果,以及这些研究成果在体外培养胚胎生物技术阐述中的应用。与RIAS UFRC RAS春小麦育种和制种实验室的研究人员一起,展示了利用体外培养未成熟自主胚胎创建抗旱杂交小麦品系的前景。实验研究是在RAS通讯成员T.B. Batygina的理论基础上进行的,这篇文章是献给他的记忆。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
EMBRYONIC DATA IN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES OF WHEAT DROUGHT RESISTANCE FOR BREEDING PURPOSES
Drought as an unfavorable combination of meteorological conditions under which plants experience a prolonged water shortage in the air and soil is one of the most common abiotic stress factors, the effect of which leads to significant crop losses of economically important plants, including cereals. One of the promising directions of biotechnological assessment of the resistance of existing and newly created genotypes of cereals to this abiotic stress factor for breeding purposes is the use of embryo culture in vitro, when embryos of the particular stage of development are used as explants. Especially promising is the in vitro cultivation of immature embryos that are at the critical stage of autonomy. Such embryo does not depend on the physiological factors of the maternal individual and is able to independently give rise to a full-fledged regenerant under adequate in vitro conditions. At the same time, to identify the stage of autonomy, complex cytophysiological studies of the embryo in the dynamics of development from the zygote to the mature structure are necessary. Embryonic analysis is also necessary during evaluation of the obtained regenerants in the laboratory ex vitro and especially in the field in vivo conditions. The review article, using the example of spring soft wheat, presents some results of comprehensive investigation by the researchers of the plant physiology laboratory UIB UFRC RAS on the use of cytophysiological data to identify the critical stage of embryo autonomy, as well as on the application of the obtained results in the elaboration of biotechnology of embryo culture in vitro. Together with the researchers of the laboratory of breeding and seed production of spring wheat of the RIAS UFRC RAS, the prospects of using culture in vitro of immature autonomous embryos in the creation of drought-resistant hybrid wheat lines are shown. Experimental studies were conducted on the basis of theoretical formulation by RAS corresponding member T.B. Batygina, whose memory this article is dedicated to.
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