直接行动与对“行动自由”的追求

B. K. Winford
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引用次数: 0

摘要

第四章考察了惠勒在民权运动直接行动阶段的行动主义。它促使我们思考,在20世纪60年代,一个处于惠勒地位的黑人商人如何能够成为替代策略的坚定倡导者,而不是障碍。尽管在1960年的静坐运动中出现了以学生为中心的领导,惠勒并没有采取观望的立场。相反,他继续在幕后运作,同时公开和私下向学生活动人士提供支持。惠勒以总是走在时代的前面而闻名,白人领导人认为他是一个激进分子。他对年轻积极分子的接纳和他的种族融合主义观点代表了他与同时代的许多黑人商人的独特区别。我认为,虽然直接行动代表了从严格依赖法律策略的转变,以及领导层的代际更迭,但惠勒认识到,持续的公民不服从意味着他比以往任何时候都处于一个更好的位置,可以通过更多地参与地方、州和国家层面的改革和政策制定来实现新南方繁荣的理想。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Direct Action and the Search for “Freedom of Movement”
Chapter 4 examines Wheeler’s activism during the direct-action phase of the civil rights movement. It pushes us to consider how a black businessman in Wheeler’s position could serve not as an obstacle to but as a steadfast advocate of alternative tactics during the 1960s. Despite the emergence of student-centered leadership with the 1960 sit-in movement, Wheeler did not take a sidelines position. Instead, he continued to operate behind the scenes while publicly and privately lending his support to student activists. Wheeler had a reputation for always being ahead of his time, and white leaders considered him to be a radical. His acceptance of young activists and his integrationist views represented a unique departure from many of his black business contemporaries. I argue that while direct action represented a shift away from strict reliance on legal tactics, as well as a generational shift in leadership, Wheeler recognized that ongoing civil disobedience meant that he was in a much better position than ever before to fulfill the ideals of New South prosperity through increased involvement in reform and policymaking at the local, state, and national levels.
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