不同青春期阶段和适应能力水平的女孩身体发育特征

V. Kashina-Yarmak, Rak L. I.
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The assessments included somatometric parameters, the results of the Ruffier test, the clinoortostatic test, cardiac morphometric indicators, and vascular reactivity according to Doppler ultrasound, the Kerdo index and Baevsky’s adaptive potential.Results and discussion. The significant frequency of tall and higher than average height was established as specific feature of girls regardless of the variant of puberty course (42.4 % with physiological and 42.8 % with pathological puberty). In general, the girls did not differ in height and body weight. In terms of Baevsky’s adaptive potential, 100 % of girls had a satisfactory adaptation level. The significant proportion of adolescent girls showed low exercise tolerance (63.7 % of girls with physiological and 50 % with pathological puberty). The high frequency of initial sympathy and the prevalence of normal vegetative support were recorded. Satisfactory and good results were more likely to be obtained by girls with puberty disorders. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是建立青春期不同阶段少女身体发育的特征,并根据身体发育指标和青春期进程评估其适应能力。材料与方法:57名年龄在11 ~ 17岁之间的女生,根据月经紊乱情况分为两组。第一组包括生理青春期的女孩。第二组由少经或闭经的女孩组成,在个别情况下,有异常子宫出血,前经或多经。评估包括躯体测量参数、Ruffier试验结果、静压试验结果、心脏形态测量指标、多普勒超声血管反应性、Kerdo指数和Baevsky适应电位。结果和讨论。身高和高于平均身高的显著频率被确定为女孩的具体特征,而与青春期的变化无关(42.4%为生理性青春期,42.8%为病理性青春期)。总的来说,这些女孩在身高和体重上没有差异。在Baevsky适应潜能方面,100%的女孩具有满意的适应水平。显著比例的青春期女生表现出低运动耐受性(生理性青春期女生占63.7%,病理性青春期女生占50%)。记录了高频率的初始同情和普遍的正常植物支持。有青春期障碍的女孩更容易获得满意和良好的结果。生理性青春期女生血液动力学异常发生率高(37.5%,第二组15.0%,p < 0.05)。平均身高女生的适应能力在不同的青春期阶段组间没有差异。第一组的高个女孩出现高动力型血流动力学的频率更高,并伴有最好的血管反应性指标:三分之二的受试者在反应性充血的样本中表现出肱动脉直径的适当增加。在月经功能障碍的女孩中,生长加速并不伴随着交感肾上腺系统的激活,但她们在运动测试中表现出更好的结果。可以假设,性激素与睾酮普遍失衡的存在促进了这些结果,并增加了女孩的耐力。然而,孤立的Ruffier测试并不能完全反映青少年身体的令人满意的适应。因此,有必要将青春期少女的功能研究结果与她们激素状况的特殊性进行比较。高挑和高于平均身高的女孩比例大是现代女性青少年身体发育的特点。在没有青春期病理的情况下,青春期女孩身体的适应性反应的特点是增加了对交感肾上腺系统的暴露。使用Baevsky的适应潜力,对青少年患者进行计算,甚至不能筛选出有压力或适应失败风险的个体,这表明需要使用功能测试和计算系数扩大对青少年的检查范围。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Features of the physical development of girls with different course of puberty and level of adaptive capabilities
The purpose of the study — to establish the features of the physical development of adolescent girls with the different course of puberty and to assess adaptive capabilities depending on the indicators of physical development and the course of puberty.Materials and methods: The examinations involved 57 girls aged 11 to 17 year who were divided into two groups depending on the presence of menstrual disorders. The first group included girls with physiological puberty. The second group consisted of girls with oligo­ or amenorrhea, and in isolated cases, with abnormal uterine bleeding, proio­ or polymenorrhea. The assessments included somatometric parameters, the results of the Ruffier test, the clinoortostatic test, cardiac morphometric indicators, and vascular reactivity according to Doppler ultrasound, the Kerdo index and Baevsky’s adaptive potential.Results and discussion. The significant frequency of tall and higher than average height was established as specific feature of girls regardless of the variant of puberty course (42.4 % with physiological and 42.8 % with pathological puberty). In general, the girls did not differ in height and body weight. In terms of Baevsky’s adaptive potential, 100 % of girls had a satisfactory adaptation level. The significant proportion of adolescent girls showed low exercise tolerance (63.7 % of girls with physiological and 50 % with pathological puberty). The high frequency of initial sympathy and the prevalence of normal vegetative support were recorded. Satisfactory and good results were more likely to be obtained by girls with puberty disorders. Girls with physiological puberty had a high incidence of hyperkinetic hemodynamic (37.5 % compared to 15.0 % in the second group, p < 0.05).The adaptive capabilities of girls with average height did not differ between groups with various puberty course. The tall girls of the first group had the higher frequency of the hyperkinetic type of hemodynamics, combined with best indices of vascular reactivity: two thirds of subjects demonstrated adequate increase in the diameter of the brachial artery in the sample with reactive hyperemia. In girls with menstrual dysfunction, the acceleration of growth was not accompanied by activation of the sympathoadrenal system, but they showed better results of exercise test. It could be assumed that presence of sexual hormones’ imbalance with testosterone prevalence, promotes these results and increases endurance of girls. However, the isolated Ruffier test does not fully reflect the satisfactory adaptation of an adolescent’s body. It is necessary to compare the results of the functional study of adolescent girls with the peculiarities of their hormonal status.Conclusions. A big proportion of girls with tall and higher than average height is the peculiarity of physical development of modern female adolescents. In the absence of pathology of puberty, the adaptive reactions of a body of an adolescent girl are characterized by increased exposure to the sympathoadrenal system. The use of Baevsky’s adaptive potential, calculated for adolescent patients, does not allow even screening to identify individuals at risk of stress or adaptation failure, which indicates the need to expand the scope of examination of adolescents using functional tests and calculation coefficients.
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