水声对鱼类和无脊椎动物的不利影响

A. Hawkins
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引用次数: 0

摘要

水下声音对大多数鱼类和无脊椎动物非常重要。来自自然和人类的水下声音会对水生动物,尤其是鱼类和无脊椎动物产生不利影响。重要的是要检查声音对它们的影响,特别是来自人类的声音(人为声音)的影响。也许有可能引入保护性法规来减少它们的影响。鱼类和无脊椎动物可以探测到水下的声音,它们利用声音来获取周围环境的关键信息。它们自己也能发出声音,尤其是在产卵的时候。声音在水中传播得很快,可以为这些动物提供有关猎物、捕食者和相关物种存在的详细信息,而整体的声音场景为它们提供了有关其环境的关键信息。人为的声音是非常有害的,因此处理它们是很重要的。一系列的报告和科学论文都强调了这些动物暴露于人造声音或噪音的风险,并将在本文中提到,其中还涉及评估水下声音对鱼类和无脊椎动物影响的标准和度量。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Adverse Effects of Underwater Sound upon Fishes and Invertebrates
Underwater sound is very important to most fishes and invertebrates. Underwater sounds from both natural and human sources can have adverse effects upon aquatic animals, and especially fishes, and invertebrates. It is important to examine the effects of sound upon them, and especially the effects of sounds derived from human sources (anthropogenic sounds). It may be possible to introduce protective regulations to reduce their effects. Fishes and invertebrates can detect underwater sounds, and they use sound to obtain key information about the environment around them. They can also make sounds themselves, especially during their spawning. Sounds travel rapidly over great distances in water and can provide detailed information to these animals on the presence of prey, predators, and related species, while the overall acoustic scene provides them with key information about their environment. Anthropogenic sounds can be very harmful, and it is therefore important to deal with them. A succession of reports and scientific papers have emphasised the risks to these animals from exposure to man-made sounds or noise and will be mentioned in this paper, which also deals with the Criteria and Metrics for assessing the effects of underwater sound on fishes and invertebrates.
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