Maternal and Foetal outcome of Pregnancy with Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital Based Cross-sectional Study

Background: Prevalence of pregnancy with diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, poses a greater risk of maternal and foetal complications. Considering the scarcity of data in our country context, we conducted to evaluate the pregnancy outcome of diabetic mothers in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This hospitalbased cross-sectional study was conducted at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology ward, BIRDEM general Hospital following ethical approval. Total 214 diabetic mothers admitted for delivery were included in this study, wherein 102 had overt diabetes mellitus (ODM) and rest 112 had gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Informed written consent was ensured prior to participation. A semi-structured questionnaire was used during data collection. Collected information was recorded in separate case record form. Analysis was performed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 24. Results: The mean age of all study mother was 28.82+/-5.06 (SD) years ranging from 18-43 years. There was no significant difference in baseline data between ODM and GDM mothers (p>0.05). Diabetic mother with HbA1C >5.9% had significantly higher incidence of pre-term labour (51.26% vs 25.26%), caesarian section (87.39% vs 75.79%), polyhydramnios (10.95% vs 1.05%), foetal macrosomia (6.72% vs 1.05%) and NICU admission of baby (16.81% vs 7.37%) compared to diabetic mother with HbA1C ?5.9%. However, no significant differences were observed between ODM and GDM groups regarding any pregnancy outcome (p>0.05). Conclusion: Uncontrolled glycaemia is associated with pre-term delivery, caesarian section, polyhydramnios, macrosomia and NICU admission. However, further multicentre studies are recommended.