Osteoinductive factor as a significant marker for the diagnosis of early diabetic nephropathy

Background: The main factor causing chronic kidney disease, which progressively leads to end-stage renal failure, is diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aims to shed light on the importance of osteo-inductive factor (OIF) as a sensitive indicator for the early identification of DN Methods: On 80 participants, this prospective cohort observational research was conducted. A total of 60 of them had diabetes mellitus type 2 based on ADA 2019 guidelines. Four equal groups of patients were created: 20 healthy people made up the group 1 (control group), followed by type 2 diabetes patients with normo-albuminuria in groups 2, micro-albuminuria in groups 3, and macro-albuminuria in groups 4. Results