科技文本翻译中翻译转换的措施

O. Mykhailenko, O.F. Sydorenko
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引用次数: 0

摘要

适当的翻译转换是好翻译的一个显著特征。它可以实现对译文的两大要求:原文和译文的对等调节效果和译文语义和结构的最大可能相似性。忠实的翻译应遵循决定翻译中转换适当程度的三个原则:动机原则、极简原则和有界原则。一个特别的研究兴趣是在科学文本的翻译转换程度符合这些原则。为了制作出具有相同语用效果的高质量译文,译者应该明确界定翻译转换的尺度——在什么情况下,某些翻译修改是必要的,并且是可以接受的。对于译者来说,重要的是要了解每个决定原则的功能,避免无动机的转换,合理但过度的修改,以及超出可接受的翻译限度的动机转换。译者还应避免走极端——直译和意译,以免影响对文本的理解。翻译转换的适当度量是在直译和松散翻译之间。为了采取适当的翻译解决方案,科学文本的译者应该接受翻译技巧的培训,使源文本符合科学语言的规范。在翻译中,由于不同的文本体裁和不同的语境中,转换的具体可接受尺度是不可能确定的。译者应该对译文所属的知识领域有足够的掌握。本文分析了Dáithí Ó hÓgáin翻译的历史专著《凯尔特人:编年史》的乌克兰语翻译,旨在确定源文本和目标文本之间语义和结构差异的程度,并评价为实现语用对等翻译所采用的翻译解决方案。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Measure of translation transformations in rendering a science text
An adequate measure of translation transformations is a distinctive feature of a good translation. It allows to realise the two major requirements to the target text – equivalent regulatory effect of source and target texts and maximum possible semantic and structural similarity of source and target texts. A faithful translation should be made in keeping with the three principles determining the adequate measure of transformations in translation: the motivation principle, the minimalism principle and the boundedness principle. A particular research interest is taken in the degree of translation transformations in the science text in conformity with these principles. To produce a quality translation with (an) identical pragmatic effect, the translator should clearly define the measure of translation transformations – when certain translation modifications are necessary and admissible. It is important for translators to be knowledgeable about the functions of each determinant principle and avoid unmotivated transformations, reasonable but excessive modifications, and motivated transformations that go beyond the admissible translation limits. The translator should also avoid extremes – literal and free translations, which hamper the perception of the text. The adequate measure of translation transformations is in the middle between literal and loose translations. To take an appropriate translation solution, the translator of a science text should be trained in using translation techniques and bring the source text in conformity with the norms of the language of science. A specific admissible measure of transformations in translation is impossible to determine as it varies in different text genres and different contexts. The translator should be competent enough in the branch of knowledge the translation text belongs to. Our analysis of the Ukrainian translation of the history (historical) monograph “The Celts: A Chronological History” by Dáithí Ó hÓgáin, aims to establish the degree of semantic and structural divergences between the source and target texts and to evaluate the translation solutions that were used to achieve the pragmatically equivalent translation.
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