棒曲霉素的产生霉菌、毒理学、生物合成及分子检测

Ratih Paramastuti, Winiati Pudji Rahayu, S. Nurjanah
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引用次数: 3

摘要

霉菌毒素是引起关注的食品安全问题之一,因其对健康的负面影响和重大的经济损失。棒曲霉素是水果及其制品中最常见的霉菌毒素,如苹果、橙子、葡萄、梨等。据报道有167种可产生展霉素;其中,扩张青霉是产生棒霉素的主要真菌。棒曲霉素对人类的致癌性尚不能分类,但一些研究表明棒曲霉素具有毒性。展霉素具有广泛的毒性,如急性毒性、亚急性毒性、遗传毒性、胚胎毒性和致畸性、致癌性和免疫毒性。有几种检测真菌毒素的方法,如HPLC、TLC、ELISA和PCR。PCR检测真菌毒素具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,是目前真菌毒素分子检测的常用方法。对展霉素进行分子检测需要正确选择靶基因。因此,需要了解展霉素的生物合成、影响基因及其潜在因素。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Patulin-producing mold, toxicological, biosynthesis, and molecular detection of patulin
Mycotoxin is one of the food safety problems that raise concern because of its negative health impact and significant economic losses. Patulin is the most common mycotoxin found in fruits and its products like apple, orange, grape, pear, etc. There are 167 species reported to produce patulin; Penicillium expansum is the major patulin producer among those fungi species. Patulin is not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans, but some studies showed the toxicities of patulin. Patulin has a broad spectrum of toxicity such as acute toxicity, sub-acute toxicity, genotoxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity, carcinogenicity, and immunotoxicity. There are several ways to detect mycotoxins, such as HPLC, TLC, ELISA, and PCR. The popular way to detect mycotoxin molecularly is PCR because of its sensitivity and specificity. To detect patulin molecularly require proper selection of target gene. Therefore, the biosynthesis of patulin, its influencing gene, and its underlying factor needs to be understood.
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