A systematic review on teaching fraction for understanding through representation on Web of Science database using PRISMA

Through a search executed on Web of Science database with general keywords pertaining to ‘teaching fractions’ or ‘understanding fractions’ and ‘representation’, this study utilized PRISMA’s procedure in analysing previously published articles. This review reveals seven articles in inclusion criteria and seventeenth articles in exclusion criteria with reasons. The included articles were reviewed for (a) studies characteristics, (b) instructional focus, (c) representation elements: real-world situation, manipulative aids, pictures, spoken and written symbols, and (d) the outcomes of each study. The metadata was analysed to organise the outcomes. Most of these articles focus on grade 3 and above and Western countries’ urban area. The result indicates most studies emphasize both conceptual and procedural understandings. Multi representations utilize sequential or parallel concept related to fractions improve students’ knowledge, particularly in understanding fractions. Meanwhile, developing fraction learning through multiple explicit representations at the initial Grade level of fraction instruction is for elementary school. However, less attention has been given to explicit representations in learning fractions at such a level.