Microfabricated electrode arrays for restoring lost sensory and motor functions

The possibility of communicating directly to large numbers of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous system using new types of microelectrode arrays has motivated the exploration of this technology as a means to restore sensory and/or motor function in those who have lost these functions due to disease or trauma. This paper describes one such microelectrode array, the 'Utah Electrode Array', and its application in 1) the restoration of sight and 2) in enabling patients with severe neuromuscular disease to more effectively interact with their environment. Although these devices have not reached the clinical stage, ongoing animal experimentation is providing proof-of-concept.