Graphene Multilayers for Quantum Microwave Signal Up-Conversion to the Optical Domain

We propose a new scheme for tunable quantum microwave signal upconversion to the optical frequency domain using graphene multilayers. The graphene layers are electrically connected, biased by a quantum level microwave signal, and subjected to intensive optical pump. The principle of operation is based on modifying the graphene conductivity by the biasing microwave signal. It then follows that an upper optical sideband is generated, while the lower sideband is resonantly attenuated by the destruction of the layered medium . Our calculations show large number of upconverted photons for microvolt driving microwave signal.