Histopathological pattern of prostatic lesions in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria: A 14-year review

Background: Prostatic lesions are major afflictions of the aging men worldwide. High prevalence of prostatic neoplasm among the aged, their high incidence in the instances of obstructive uropathy, and many other complications with ensuing morbidity and mortality earn them a unique urologic placement. The epidemiological appraisals on the histology of prostatic lesions among men in Kano are not conclusive. The aim of this study was to review the spectrum of prostate lesions diagnosed with histopathology in Kano. Methodology: This was a retrospective review of histologically diagnosed prostatic lesions at Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Northwestern Nigeria, from 2005 to 2018. The data collated and analyzed were the age of patients and histological diagnoses. Summaries of these results were shown as mean of patients' age, patients' age range, frequency distribution tables, and some photomicrographs of the lesions. Results: A total of 4292 prostatic specimens were histologically diagnosed in the study. Nodular hyperplasia was the most common histological conclusion (75.9%), followed by invasive prostate cancer (23.5%). Many prostate cancer specimens have Gleason's scores of the poorly differentiated tumor (48.0%). The patient's age in both peaked at the age group of 60–69 years. Few specimens had prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and inflammatory process. Conclusion: Nodular hyperplasia specimens had the highest of histological conclusions. The age profiles of prostate cancer patients were lower than those of the Western world. High-grade tumors weigh heavy among malignancies and hence the need for better biomarkers which may enhance early diagnosis and better treatment outcome.