反义词的句法标准

D. Movchan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文分析了匿名单位,考虑到其独特的句法特征。研究发现,基于对立单元的语义,范式内的反义关系作为前瞻性存在。匿名关系的实现是通过它们在言语上的对立来体现的。通过对它们的语法、词汇和句法相容性的分析,可以在句法层面对反义词的事实进行识别,从而证明了反义词对的两个要素具有上述特征的共同性。对立反义单位中句法特征的变化是由多种原因引起的,如物体与现实现象之间建立的联系和关系,直接意义或比喻意义上使用连词的可能性,反义词的歧义等。作者着重指出,在典型的反义词语境中,只要在固定的公式中有规律地组合再现,词语就可以被认为是反义词,这些反义词实现了直接对立、替代、完整、对比、不确定、矛盾等含义之一。指出反义语境的类型差异是由于反义在言语中的功能存在语用差异,因为言语活动涉及到根据交际情境使用反义手段来表达概念和思想。上述因素共同作为一种辅助手段来陈述词汇单位的事实,反义词作为范式群的代表,其内在特征是在语义中存在两个共同的义的对立面和一个极端的否定成分。概括地说,反义词的聚合标准和组合标准的定义使得理解反义词的语言本质成为可能,并证明了反义词的系统本质。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
SYNTAGMATIC CRITERIA OF ANTONYMY
The article analyzes the antonymous units, taking into account their peculiar syntagmatic features. It has been found that antonymous relations within the paradigm exist as prospective, based on semantics of opposed units. The actualization of antonymous relations is manifested through their opposition in speech. The analysis of their grammatical, lexical and syntactic compatibility made possible the identification the facts of word antonymy at the syntagmatic level, which proved the commonality of the above-mentioned characteristics in both elements of the antonymous pair. The variability of syntagmatic features in opposed antonymous units can be caused by various reasons, such as the connections and relationships established between objects and phenomena of reality, the possibility of using connected words in direct or figurative meaning, the ambiguity of antonyms, etc. The author focuses on the fact that words can be considered antonyms provided the regular combined reproduction in constant formulas of typical antonymous contexts, which realize one of the following meanings: direct opposition, alternativeness, integrity, contrast, uncertainty, contradiction. It is pointed out that a type variety of antonymous contexts is due to the presence of pragmatic differences in the functioning of antonyms in speech, as speech activity involves the use of antonymous means to verbalize concepts and thoughts depending on the communicative situation. The factors considered above together serve as an auxiliary means of statement the facts of lexical units antonymy as representatives of paradigmatic groups, which inherent characteristic is the presence in the semantics two words of a common seme opposites and an extreme negation component. In general, the definition of paradigmatic and syntagmatic criteria for the antonymy of words makes it possible to understand the linguistic nature of antonymy and serves as proof of its systemic nature.
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