Preserving low cost electricity while improving the riverine environment: Part two — Model results

This paper reports on a case study for Ghana's thermal/hydroelectric generation system that evaluates the incremental cost of returning dam outflows to pre-dam or near pre-dam conditions. This mode of operation is termed Run of River (ROR) operation. It appears that two key factors — the availability of alternatives for economically expanding hydro generation and the existence of well developed markets for energy and electricity — have a large influence on the increase in cost of ROR operation relative to the least cost operating rules.