Synthesis of pure Zinc Oxid (Semiconductor) and ZnO:Ga Nanostructure for Different Sensing Applications

The research involved the preparation of ZnO and ZnO:Ga by a simple chemical process and inexpensive materials, namly a hydrothermal method by adding 0.05M of zinc nitrate and 0.05M of hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4) to the cell manufactured for this purpose. The cell is in a laboratory oven for eight hours at a constant temperature up to 150 oC. For preparing of zinc oxide impregnated with Ga, 4% gallium nitride Ga (NO3)3.xH2O is added to the previous prepared solution under continuous stirring effect using a magnetic mixer. Several effects have been studied in the development of this hydrothermal method, which are precipitated on the zinc oxide layer as a pre-prepared seed layer by fast thermal oxidation of zinc metal 250 nm to achieve optimal conditions leading to the best results for applications. The work also included a study and analysis of the optical and synthetic properties of the prepared zinc oxide nanostructure. These prepared membranes have been used in the best conditions as a multi-application sensors: gas sensors where the ZnO:Ga deposited on the basis of quartz coated with antimony tin oxide as a gas sensor for very dangerous hydrogen gas. The effect of different concentration of gas on resistance of ZnO:Ga over time has been studied. We also studied and manufactured sensors that work as solar cells with high efficiency using Iraqi materials equipped with Al-Mansour State Company and simple conventional devices available in the local market. In this paper, a mechanical sensor is designed to monitor the salt content and improve the water quality. Receptors (where the cell is placed between two ends: the first end represents a piezo segment and the second end represents the ZnO:Ga precipitated on the 134 bases of quartz coated with antimony tin oxide). The range of operating frequencies used in this research ranges from 1500-20000 KHz. Tests in this research included recording the resonant frequency at the first rank of all prepared samples and calculating the damping factor as a function of time.