Algebraic solution of source location estimation using TDOA and AOA measurements

This study proposes a two-step solution to determine the position of an individual source in the presence of a number of sensors from time difference of arrival (TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) measurements. The localization formula is derived from the weighted least squares minimization of the equation error. A weighting matrix is employed in each of the two steps of the proposed method, which leads to an approximate maximum likelihood (ML) estimator, to generate a substantial improvement in the performance of the method. Simulation studies show that the proposed joint TDOA/AOA location scheme outperforms the conventional AOA-only and TDOA-only methods.