A 76- to 81-GHz packaged single-chip transceiver for automotive radar

This paper presents a flip-chip packaged 76- to 81-GHz transceiver chip implemented in SiGe BiCMOS technology for both long-range and short-range automotive radar applications. The single chip contains a two-channel transmitter with +18-dBm saturated output power per channel; an LO chain with ×4 multiplier, wide-band 20-GHz VCO with -100-dBc/Hz phase noise at 1-MHz offset referenced to a 77-GHz carrier, and divide-by-four prescaler; and a six-channel receiver with 10- to 11-dB noise figure, 14- to 15-dB conversion gain and +1-dBm input P1dB in unpackaged condition. The interconnect loss through the BGA package at 80 GHz is 1.5 to 2 dB. Built-in self-test (BIST) circuits are integrated to enable RF output power, receiver gain, relative channel-to-channel phase and internal temperature measurement.