星形胶质细胞失调和钙离子失衡可能与骨质疏松症和阿尔茨海默病的发生有关。

Yi-Liang Tsai, Chieh-Tsung Yen, Yuh-Feng Wang
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引用次数: 2

摘要

阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者的典型症状是淀粉样蛋白-β (Aβ)斑块和tau蛋白过度磷酸化。然而,最近的研究表明,这些症状并不是疾病的病因,而是发病后产生的。与其他类型的痴呆相比,AD具有明显的松果体钙化和褪黑素分泌减少的特征。松果体主要由释放褪黑激素的松果体细胞和星形胶质细胞组成。星形胶质细胞的功能是维持钙离子浓度的平衡,提供神经细胞营养,并在体内迁移营养物质。钙离子是最重要的神经递质之一。一旦触发,钙波可以在星形胶质细胞之间形成,激活其他星形胶质细胞传递信息。大部分钙储存在骨骼中。骨组织主要由骨细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞组成。其中,骨细胞是一种星形胶质细胞,调节破骨细胞和成骨细胞的活性。松果体主要由星形胶质细胞组成;骨细胞也是星形胶质细胞的一种。因此,我们得出结论,当星形胶质细胞逐渐失能时,钙可能从骨骼中丢失,导致骨质疏松症。释放到血液中的钙离子可能在松果体中积累并引起异位钙化,从而促进AD的发生。最后,本研究从药物和激素(骨钙代谢激素和褪黑激素)方面推断假设,提出星形胶质细胞失调促进体内钙离子长期失衡,导致骨质疏松和AD。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Astrocyte Dysregulation and Calcium Ion Imbalance May Link the Development of Osteoporosis and Alzheimer's Disease.
The typical symptoms of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau hyperphosphorylation. However, recent studies show that these symptoms are not the cause of the disease but are generated after the pathogenesis. Compared with other types of dementia, AD has the obvious features of pineal gland calcification and decreased melatonin production. The pineal gland is mainly composed of pinealocytes that release melatonin and astrocytes. Astrocytes function to maintain a balanced concentration of calcium ions, provide nerve cell nutrients, and migrate nutrients in vivo. Calcium ions are among the most important neurotransmitters. Once triggered, a calcium wave can be formed between astrocytes to activate other astrocytes to transmit information. Most calcium is stored in the skeleton. Bone tissue is composed mainly of osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. Of these, osteocyte is a kind of astrocyte which regulates the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts. The pineal gland is composed mainly of astrocytes; osteocytes are also a kind of astrocyte. Therefore, we conclude that when astrocytes are gradually disabled, calcium may be lost from the bones, prompting osteoporosis. The calcium ions then released into the blood may accumulate and cause ectopic calcification in the pineal gland, which promotes the occurrence of AD. Finally, this study used aspects of drugs and hormones (bone and calcium metabolism hormones and melatonin) to infer the hypothesis, which proposes that astrocyte dysregulation promotes the long-term imbalance of calcium ions in vivo and leads to osteoporosis and AD.
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