在新产品开发和成本节约项目中的承诺升级

M. V. D. Pas, Niels van der Pas
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引用次数: 2

摘要

尽早停止没有希望的项目可以节省资源,这些资源可以分配给更相关的投资,或者节省下来改善组织的底线。门控过程在许多组织中被用来决定是否继续或取消一个项目。本研究考察了在这些过程中设置守门人的后果,即决定大门的管理者。根据承诺升级理论,守门人决定两个连续的大门时,倾向于确认他们最初的决定。与闸门由不同的看门人批准的设置相比,它们对连续决策的批准率更高。在这篇论文中,我们提出了结果,据我们所知,第一个自然实验的承诺升级使用820个新产品开发和成本节约IT项目在4.5年的时间跨度。我们发现经验证据表明,正如理论预测的那样,承诺的升级导致连续门的批准率更高。组织可以通过改变治理的设置来缓解这种情况,避免由同一看门人批准两个连续的大门。此外,数据显示,大型投资项目获得批准的可能性(在初步批准后)明显大于小型投资项目。这表明初始门批准的重要性。最后,我们研究了成本节约和新产品开发项目之间的差异,发现它们的死亡率和连续门的批准率没有差异。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
ESCALATION OF COMMITMENT IN NPD AND COST SAVING IT PROJECTS
Stopping non promising projects as early as possible saves resources that can be allocated to more relevant investments or be saved to improve the bottom line of an organisation. Gated processes are in use in numerous organisations to decide on proceeding or cancelling a project. This study examines the consequences of the setup of the gatekeepers, the managers deciding on the gates, in these processes. Gatekeepers deciding on two consecutive gates are, according to the escalation of commitment theory, tended to confirm their initial decisions. They hold a higher approval rate for the consecutive decision as compared to a setup where the gates are approved by different gatekeepers. In this paper we present the results of, as far as we know, the first natural experiment on the escalation of commitment using 820 new product development and cost saving IT projects over a time span of 4.5 years. We found empirical evidence that escalation of commitment, as predicted in theory, leads to a higher approval rate of the consecutive gate. Organisations can mitigate this by changing the setup of the governance by avoiding the approval of two consecutive gates by the same gatekeeper. Furthermore, the data showed that large investment projects hold a significantly larger possibility to receive approvals (after an initial approval) than small investment projects. This indicates the importance of the initial gate approval. Finally, we studied the difference between cost saving and new product development projects and found no differences in their mortality rate nor in the approval rate of the consecutive gate.
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