Changes and challenges in sustainability of technical and vocational education and training — teacher education programme: A case study

In employment, increasing participation within the unchanging workforce with current structure may lead to a decrease in sustainability. Meanwhile in education, the sustainability of a program is mainly influenced by the association of all stakeholders. The stakeholders are referred to as the institutions, industries, government and community. In order to achieve sustainability, changes and challenges related to those stakeholders cannot be avoided. This paper investigates how the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) Teacher Education Program in Malaysia can be sustained in the 21st Century. A case study has been conducted to look into the changes and challenges faced by the stakeholders. The data collection process comprised four semi-structured interviews with the experts in TVET Teacher Education Program. The findings from the case study indicated that the challenges faced by the stakeholders are inclusive of teachers' attitude towards learning; the perception of the society on TVET as the second class education; lack of partnership between the institutions and the industries; and lack of pragmatic policies in improving the quality of TVET Teacher Education Program.