二调查违反战争法或战争习惯之情形

O. Taran, Andrii Zapototskyi, O. Starenkyi
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引用次数: 1

摘要

对乌克兰执法机构来说,调查违反战争法和惯例的行为是一个相对较新的活动领域。尽管自2014年以来已经有了一些此类调查的经验,但始于2022年2月24日的国际武装冲突发现了几乎所有违反战争法和惯例的形式(方法),这需要全面分析和正确理解为武装冲突参与者定义规则的国际人道法规则。这项研究的目的是确定在调查违反战争法和惯例的过程中需要证明的一些情况,并在适当考虑到国际人道主义法规则的情况下公布其内容,这些规则决定了这种刑事诉讼中举证对象的具体情况。该研究采用哲学(辩证和解释学)、一般科学(系统、历史、功能)和特殊科学(比较法学、技术法律和法律条款解释)的认知方法。这项工作的基础是有关武装冲突的条约和习惯法的规定、在国家和国际一级适用条约和习惯法的做法、规定违反战争法和惯例的责任的国内法、调查刑事犯罪的程序程序以及调查特定类型罪行的法医建议。根据研究结果,提交人在调查战争法和惯例的过程中提出了若干需要证明的情况,这些情况是单独的,但与证明对象的其他要素有关,即:合法的战斗人员、战斗人员的豁免;国际人道主义法的领土和时间限制;合法目的,军事需要。涵盖了它们的内容、证据价值和关系
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Circumstances to be proved in the investigation of violations of the laws or customs of war
Investigating violations of the laws and customs of war is a relatively new area of activity for law enforcement agencies in Ukraine. Although some experience of such investigations has existed since 2014, the international armed conflict that began on February 24, 2022, identified almost all forms (methods) of violation of the laws and customs of war, which requires a comprehensive analysis and correct understanding of the rules of international humanitarian law that define the rules for participants in armed conflict. The purpose of the research is to define some circumstances to be proved in the course of the investigation of violations of the laws and customs of war and to disclose their content with due regard for the rules of international humanitarian law which determine the specifics of the object of proof in such criminal proceedings. The research employs philosophical (dialectical and hermeneutical), general scientific (systemic, historical, functional), and special scientific (comparative jurisprudence, technical-legal, and interpretation of legal provisions) methods of cognition. The work is based on the provisions of the treaty and customary law of armed conflict, the practice of its application at the national and international level, national law providing for liability for violation of the laws and customs of war, the procedural procedure for investigating criminal offences, and forensic recommendations for investigating particular types of crimes. Based on the results of the research, the author develops several circumstances to be proved in the course of investigation of the laws and customs of war as separate but related to other elements of the object of proof, namely: lawful combatants, combatant's immunity; territorial and time limits of international humanitarian law; legitimate purpose, military necessity. Their content, evidentiary value, and relationship are covered
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