把用电当作一种权利的后果

R. Burgess, M. Greenstone, Nicholas Ryan, Anant Sudarshan
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引用次数: 45

摘要

这篇论文试图解释为什么发展中国家的数十亿人要么无法获得电力,要么缺乏可靠的供应。我们提出的证据表明,这些不足是电力被视为一种权利的结果,这引发了一个恶性的四步循环。在第一步,因为一种社会规范已经形成,所有人都应该享有独立于支付的权力,补贴、盗窃和不支付被广泛容忍。在第二步中,每卖出一单位电力,配电公司就会亏损,总的来说损失很大。在第三步,政府所有的分销公司通过限制通道和供应时间来限制供应,以减少损失。在步骤4中,电力供应不再受市场力量支配,支付和供应之间的联系被切断,从而降低了客户支付的动机。均衡的结果是不均衡的、零星的、破坏增长的准入。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The Consequences of Treating Electricity as a Right
This paper seeks to explain why billions of people in developing countries either have no access to electricity or lack a reliable supply. We present evidence that these shortfalls are a consequence of electricity being treated as a right and that this sets off a vicious four-step circle. In step 1, because a social norm has developed that all deserve power independent of payment, subsidies, theft, and nonpayment are widely tolerated. In step 2, electricity distribution companies lose money with each unit of electricity sold and in total lose large sums of money. In step 3, government-owned distribution companies ration supply to limit losses by restricting access and hours of supply. In step 4, power supply is no longer governed by market forces and the link between payment and supply is severed, thus reducing customers’ incentives to pay. The equilibrium outcome is uneven and sporadic access that undermines growth.
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